Munger District is located in
the southern part Bihar and its headquarters are located on the southern bank
of river Ganges. The district is spread over 1419.7 Sq. km. accounting for 3.3%
of the area of Bihar . It lies between 240 22 N to 250 30
N latitude and 850 30 E to 870 3 E longitude. From administrative and
development point of view,Munger is divided into three subdivisions namely
Munger,Kharagpur, and Tarapur. There are nine developmental blocks namely
Munger, Bariarpur, Jamalpur, Dharahara, Kharagpur, Tetia Bambar,Tarapur
Asarganj and Sangrampur. There are about 903 villages in the district. The
Munger district on an average is 30 to 65 mtrs above sea level. The average
annual rainfall is 1231 mm.
The existence of Munger as a separate executive centre
dates from the year1812, It appears from a letter dated the 15th
July of that year, that Mr. Ewing was appointed to have charge of Munger
Criminal Court, called the court of Joint
Magistrate of Munger and that he was made subordinate to the Magistrate of
Bhagalpur and worked like a sub-divisional officer.
A letter also from Mr. Dowdeswell,
Secretary to the Government, dated the 22nd October, 1811 proves
that at that time no magisterial authority exited at Munger except that of the
Magistrate of Bhagalpur to whom it was addressed : “I am directed”, it runs, to
acquaint you that his Excellency the Vice-President in council considers it of
importance that you should revert to the practice which formerly existed
holding the Kachari during a part of the year at Munger, and that he desires
that you will make necessary arrangement for the purpose”. But the extent of
the Munger jurisdiction is not mentioned in the local records till September,
1814 when it is clearly stated to comprised five Thanas or police divisions,
viz. Munger, Tarapur, Surajgarha, Mallepur and Gogri.
No change seems to have been made in
the powers or jurisdiction of the Munger court till 1832 when it was made revenue-receiving Centre under the name
of a Deputy Collectorship. This new office was conferred on the joint
Magistrate. Form this time officer exercised most of the power of a full
Magistrate-Collector. He had now power to correspond directly with the chief
Executive and the Revenue authority as an independent authority.
The
earliest record of value in the collectorate appears to be the letter from the
Commissioner of Bhagalpur to the Secretary to the Sadar Board of Revenue. At
Fort William, dated the 29th May, 1850. He writes-“It appears from
the record that the native town and Bazar of Munger have for a long period been
considered government property. This though constituting one Mahal, was divided
into 13 Tarafs, Viz. (1) Bara Bazar, (2) Deochi Bazar, (3) Goddard Bazar, (4)
Wellesly Bazar, (5) Munger Bazar, (6) Gorhee Bazar, (7) Batemanganj Topekhana
Bazar, (8) Fanok Bazar, (10) Dalhatta Bazar, (11) Belan Bazar, (12) Rasoolganj
and (13) Begampur”.
Population,
Literacy Rate Blockwise.
|
|
CENSUS OF
INDIA 2001 |
|
|
|
|||||
|
State/District/C.D |
|
Literacy rate |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Block |
|
Total |
|
Rural |
|
Urban |
|
||
|
|
Persons |
males |
females |
Persons |
males |
females |
Persons |
males |
females |
|
MUNGER DISTRICT |
60.11 |
70.7 |
47.97 |
53.35 |
65.3 |
39.69 |
76.87 |
84 |
68.64 |
|
Munger |
67.97 |
75.7 |
58.96 |
54.66 |
63.9 |
43.72 |
75.44 |
82.2 |
67.48 |
|
Bariarpur |
53.84 |
65.40 |
40.07 |
53.84 |
65.40 |
40.07 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Jamalpur |
75.09 |
83.6 |
65.36 |
63.93 |
73.8 |
52.59 |
84.39 |
91.7 |
75.98 |
|
Dharhara |
50.98 |
63.5 |
36.73 |
50.98 |
63.5 |
36.73 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Kharagpur |
51.39 |
64.4 |
36.74 |
50.28 |
64.10 |
34.79 |
57.83 |
66.2 |
48.19 |
|
Asarganj |
52.00 |
62.7 |
39.71 |
48.68 |
59.8 |
35.88 |
81.44 |
88.6 |
73.34 |
|
Tarapur |
53.34 |
66.1 |
39.44 |
53.34 |
66.1 |
39.44 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Tatia Bombar |
51.00 |
64.9 |
34.75 |
51.00 |
64.9 |
34.75 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
Sangrampur |
53.66 |
65.8 |
40.01 |
53.66 |
65.8 |
40.01 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
State/District/C.D |
Population |
Child population in
the |
Literates |
|
||||||
|
Block |
|
|
|
age - group 0-6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Persons |
males |
females
|
Persons |
males |
females
|
Persons |
males |
females
|
|
MUNGER DISTRICT |
Total |
1135499 |
604662 |
530837 |
197144 |
102928 |
94216 |
564043 |
354611 |
209432 |
|
|
Rural |
818913 |
435774 |
383139 |
150156 |
78809 |
71347 |
356799 |
233051 |
123748 |
|
|
Urban |
316586 |
168888 |
147698 |
46988 |
24119 |
22869 |
207244 |
121560 |
85684 |
|
Munger |
Total |
296950 |
159243 |
137707 |
48399 |
25084 |
23315 |
168940 |
101494 |
67446 |
|
|
Rural |
109639 |
58869 |
50770 |
20323 |
10555 |
9768 |
48817 |
30891 |
17926 |
|
|
Urban |
187311 |
100374 |
86937 |
28076 |
14529 |
123547 |
120123 |
70603 |
49520 |
|
Bariarpur |
Rural |
92431 |
49632 |
42799 |
17015 |
8630 |
8385 |
40604 |
26816 |
13788 |
|
Jamalpur |
Total |
181571 |
96522 |
85049 |
28735 |
14829 |
13906 |
114768 |
68267 |
46501 |
|
|
Rural |
84912 |
45260 |
39652 |
15447 |
8079 |
7368 |
44411 |
27434 |
16977 |
|
|
Urban |
96659 |
51262 |
45397 |
13288 |
6750 |
6538 |
70357 |
40833 |
29524 |
|
Dharhara |
Rural |
103919 |
55197 |
48722 |
19601 |
10295 |
9306 |
42986 |
28509 |
14477 |
|
Kharagpur |
Total |
181008 |
96183 |
84425 |
30683 |
16619 |
14064 |
77249 |
51253 |
25996 |
|
|
Rural |
154098 |
81942 |
72156 |
25872 |
14196 |
11676 |
64470 |
43428 |
21042 |
|
|
Urban |
26910 |
14241 |
12669 |
4811 |
2423 |
2388 |
12779 |
7825 |
4954 |
|
Asarganj |
Total |
59562 |
31620 |
27942 |
11276 |
5832 |
5444 |
25108 |
16175 |
8933 |
|
|
Rural |
53856 |
28609 |
25247 |
10463 |
5415 |
5048 |
21123 |
13876 |
7247 |
|
|
Urban |
5706 |
3011 |
2695 |
813 |
417 |
396 |
3985 |
2299 |
1686 |
|
Tarapur |
Rural |
84341 |
44060 |
40281 |
16311 |
8531 |
7780 |
36289 |
23470 |
12819 |
|
Tatia Bombar |
Rural |
57622 |
30869 |
26753 |
10796 |
5586 |
5210 |
23882 |
16395 |
7487 |
|
Sangrampur |
Rural |
78095 |
41336 |
36759 |
14328 |
7522 |
6806 |
34217 |
22232 |
11985 |
Physical Features and Natural Resources
The district of Munger is hemmed among the Ganges in the
north, Bhagalpur district in the east, Barh district in the west and the
district of Jamui in the south. It covers almost 14 Development Blocks. The
total area is 3301.70 Km2 and the total population is 1,924,317,
vide 1991 census. The density of population per Km2 was 583 in 1991.
Plain Lands in the North:
The Northern plain of
Munger district has two facets of landscape i.e. diaras north of the Gangatic
levee and tal lands south of the levee. Some of the Gangetic levee and tal
lands south of the levee. Some of the important diaras are Maheshpur, Heru,
Bahadurpur, Kalarampur, Budhwa and Taufir diaras. These diaras suffer from
annual inundation along with the erosion and deposition of soils. This is the
area of bood hazards with the sedimentary rocks.
The area south of the Gangetic levee is known as Tal lands. Some of the important tals are Barhiya tal, Mainma tal, Bilya tal, Bariarour tal and others. Some of the important rivers e.g. Kiul Harohar, Dakranal and Baduar deposit soil in their flood plains. Tal lands also suffer from annual inundation, water loggings and deposition of soil.
Munger district has long
been famous for its mineral waters and hot water springs, There is a belt of
thermal springs along a Zone from the Kharagpur hills to the Rajgir hills of
the Patna district. There are altogether seven groups of thermal springs in
this district. These are:-
Munger district is a part of Zone – III with sub-zone in South Bihar Plains. The zone is located on south of river Ganges and comprises districts of Munger, Bhagalpur, Gaya, Aurangabad, Rothas, Bhojpur, Patna and Nalanda. It is sub humid and much drier as compared to zone-I and III. It has monsoon sub-tropical climate ranging from sub-dry and sub-humid conditions. There are three district seasons in this zone viz., summer, monsoon and winter.
The summer season is characterized by gradual rise in
temperature, occasional thunder showers and hail storm, high velocity westerly
during this season is very dry resulting in sunstroke deaths at times. The
maximum temperature rises up to 45o C.
MONSOON (JUNE TO SEPTEMBER )
It starts from middle of June and continues up to end of
September. Monsoon is characterized by cloudy weather, high humidity, frequent
rains and weak variable surface wind. Maximum rainfall occurs during July and
August.
WINTER (OCTOBER TO FEBRUARY)
Winter season is characterized by gradual decrease in
temperature which comes to a minimum in the first week of January. Thereafter,
the temperature starts increasing. The minimum temperature varies from 3.50 C
to 90 C.
RAINFALL
The rainfall under this zone is mainly influenced by the
south-west monsoon which sets in the second week of June and continues up to
end of September. Sometimes cyclonic rain also occurs. The average annual
rainfall of this zone is 1078.7 mm. The rainfall distribution is marked
seasonal in character. Greatly limiting water availability in certain times of
the year and requiring disposal of excess water in some weeks during monsoon
also occur. The average annual rainfall of Munger district is 1146.4mm (53year
average), out of which 80% is received during monsoon season and the rest (more
than5%)in summer season. In case of Munger district, the temporal variation
annual rainfall was recorded at a maximum of 2181.6 mm in 1971 and a minimum of
481.6 mm in 1972 with annual coefficient of variation of 27.2%. July and August
received maximum monthly rainfall in the district. The monthly co-efficient of
variation of rainfall for monsoon from June to September was 68.5%, 44.3% and
51.8% respectively for Munger.
Soil
Soil of Munger district is grey to dark grey in color,
medium to heavy in texture, slightly to moderately alkaline in reaction, cracks
during summer (1) cm to more than 5 cm wide and more than 50 cm deep) becomes
shallow with onset of monsoon, with clay content nearly 40% to 50% throughout
the profile. Slicken side along with the wedge shaped structural aggregates
absorb soil are found in level land or depression. Soil becomes bonding during
summer and remains inundated rains. The clay minerals found are smectites
followed by hydrous mica. The soil has a good fertility status. Diara land
soils are light textured and well drained with free calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
that varies between 3% to 8% but seldom exceeds 10% particularly no genetic low
zone gives a coarse stratification micro relief, udic moisture regime clay.
Minerals found are hydrous mica, smectite, kaolonite and chloride. The nature
of sediments deposited in Diara land can be generally stated as those near the
streams are coarser in texture i.e., sand which gradually becomes finer with
distance a grade to heavy texture of clay in the central part of the meander,
these being always layers of sand at varying department which generally do not
go deeper than 40 cm to 60 cm of surface deposited as a result of changing
course of the current. These Diaras are either:
The place of the abandoned Dhar in the flood plains.